Daftar Isi
Apa itu Fallacies/Fallacy?
Fallacies adalah kesalahan penalaran dalam berpikir,dimana suatu kesimpulan atau argumen dibuat dengan dasar – dasar yang keliru baik itu disengaja maupun tidak disengaja,sehingga menghasilkan suatu argumen atau kesimpulan yang ‘cacat’.
Tujuan Mengetahui Fallacies
Adapun tujuan kita mengenali fallacies karena fallacies sendiri tidak mudah dikenali, terutama bagi pikiran yang tidak terlatih untuk kritis, akan tetap fallacies juga kerap kali bisa menyelusup kedalam argumen yang sudah berdasarkan kemampuan berpikir kritis,maka dari itu dengan kita mengenali berbagai macam jenis fallacies kedepannya diharapkan kita dalam membuat sebuah argumen atau kesimpulan didasari dengan bukti dan alasan yang logis.
Jenis – Jenis Fallacies
Kami telah merangkum fallacies menjadi 275 jenis fallacies dan kami urutkan sesuai abjad agar memudahkan pembaca,275 jenis fallacies tersebut antara lain :
A
Ad Hominem (Circumstantial)
Ad Hominem (Guilt by association)
Ad Hominem (Tu quoque)
Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise
Affirming the Consequent
Alleged Certainty
Alternative Advance
Appeal to Accomplishment
Appeal to Anger
Appeal to Authority
Appeal to Celebrity
Appeal to Common Belief
Appeal to Common Folk
Appeal to Coincidence
Appeal to Consequences
Appeal to Definition
Appeal to Desperation
Appeal to Emotion
Appeal to Extremes
Appeal to Faith
Appeal to Fear
Appeal to Flattery
Appeal to Force
Appeal to Heaven
Appeal to the Moon
Appeal to Nature
Appeal to Novelty
Appeal to Pity
Appeal to Popularity
Appeal to Possibility
Appeal to Ridicule
Appeal to Tradition
Ambiguity Fallacy
Anonymous Authority
Argument by Emotive Language
Argument by Fast Talking
Argument by Gibberish
Argument by Personal Charm
Argument by Repetition
Argument from Age
Argument from Fallacy
Argument from Hearsay
Argument from Ignorance
Argument from Silence
Argument of the Beard
Argument to Moderation
Avoiding the Issue
Argument to the Purse
Abductive Fallacy
Accent Fallacy
Amazing Familiarity
Ambiguity Effect
Ambiguous Assertion
Appeal to Closure
Appeal to Complexity
Appeal to Convenience
Appeal to Luck
Appeal to Envy
Appeal to Equality
Appeal to Intuition
Appeal to Privacy
Appeal to Stupidity
Appeal to Utility
Argument by Dismissal
Argument by Lazyness
Argument by Pigheadedness
Argument by Rhetorical Question
Argument by Selective Reading
Argument by Uniformed Opinion
Argument from Design
Argument from Inertia
Argument from Omniscience
Argument to the Future
Argumentum ad Captandum
Argumentum ad Exemplum
B
Base Rate Fallacy
Begging the Question
Biased Sample Fallacy
Blind Authority Fallacy
Broken Window Fallacy
Barking Cat
Big Lie Technique
Blood is Thicker than Water
Bribery
Burden of Proof Fallacy
C
Causal Reductionism
Cherry Picking
Circular Reasoning
Commutation of Conditionals
Complex Question Fallacy
Conflicting Conditions
Confusing an Explanation with an Excuse
Conjuction Fallacy
Conspiracy Theory
Chronological Snobbery
Confesses Under Torture
Contextomy
D
Definist Fallacy
Denying the Antecedent
Denying a Conjunct
Denying the Correlative
Disjunction Fallacy
Distinction Without a Difference
Damning with Faint Praise
Double Bind
Double Standard
E
Equivocation
Etymological Fallacy
Exclusive Premises
Existensial Fallacy
Extended Analogy
Emphasis Fallacy
Essentializing Fallacy
Exaggeration
Exception That Proves The Rule
F
Failure to Eludicate
Fake Precision
Fallacy of Composition
Fallacy of Division
Fallacy of Four Terms
Fallacy of Necessity
Fallacy of Undistributed Middle
False Attribution
False Conversion
False Dilemma
False Effect
Far-Fetced Hypothesis
Faulty Comparison
Failure to State
Fallacy of Multiplication
Fallacy of Opposition
Fallacy of Quoting Out of Context
Fallacy of Crucial Experiment
Fantasy Projection
Faulty Sign
Finish the Job Fallacy
G
Gambler’s Fallacy
Genetic Fallacy
God Wildcard Fallacy
Galileo Wannabe
Golden Hammer Fallacy
H
Hasty Generalization
Having Your Cake
Hedging
Historian’s Fallacy
Homunculus Fallacy
Hypnotic Bait and Switch
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
Hifalutin’ Denunciations
I
if-By-Whiskey
Illicit Contraposition
Illicit Major
Illicit Minor
Illicit Substitution of Identicals
Inconsistency
Inflation of Conflict
I Wish I Had a Magic Wand
In a Certain Respect and Simply
Intentional Fallacy
Invicible Ignorance Fallacy
J
Jumping into Conclusions
Just Because Fallacy
Just In Case Fallacy
K
Knight and Knaves
L
Least Plausible Hypothesis
Limited Depth
Limited Scope
Logic Chopping
Ludic Fallacy
Lying with Statistics
Lack of Proportion
Latino Fallacy
Lies (Misrepresentation)
Lip Service
Lump of Labor Fallacy
M
Magical Thinking
Meaningless Question
Misleading Vividness
Missing Data Fallacy
Modal (Scope) Fallacy
Moralistic Fallacy
Moving the Goal Posts
Multiple Comparison Fallacy
Mind Projection Fallacy
Monopoly the Question
N
Naturalistic Fallacy
Negative Conclusion from Affirmative Premises
Negating Antecedent and Consequent
Nirvana Fallacy
No True Scotsman
Non Sequitur
Notable Effort
Norm of Reciprocity
Not Invented Here
O
Overhelming Exception
Outdated Information
P
Package-Deal Fallacy
Poisoning the Well
Political Correctness Fallacy
Post-Designation
Prejudical Language
Proof by Intimidation
Proving Non-Existence
Packing the House
Paralogism
Paralysis of Analysis
Pigeonholing
Pious Fraud
Pragmatic Fallacy
Preacher’s We
Probabilistic Fallacy
Psychologist’s Fallacy
Q
Quantifier-Shift Fallacy
Quantum Physics Fallacy
Questionable Cause
R
Rationalization
Red Herring
Reductio ad Absurdum
Reductio ad Hitlerum
Regression Fallacy
Reification
Relative Privation
Retrogressive Causation
Retrospective Determinism
Redefinition
Reductionism
S
Scapegoating
Selective Attention
Self-Sealing Argument
Shoehorning
Slippery Slope
Special Pleading
Spiritual Fallacy
Spotlight Fallacy
Statement of Conversion
Stereotyping
Stolen Concept Fallacy
Strawman Fallacy
Style Over Substance
Subjectivist Fallacy
Subverted Support
Sunk-Cost Fallacy
Suppresed Corelative
Sanctioning the Devil
Scope Fallacy
Self-Deception
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Self-Righteousness
Sherlock Holmes Fallacy
Sly Suggestions
Snow Job
Sour Grapes
Spin Doctoring
T
Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
Tokenism
Two Wrongs Make a Right
Taboo
Tautology
There Is No Alternative
Too Broad
Too Narrow
U
Unfalsifiability
Unwarranted Contrast
Use-Mention Error
Undoability
W
Weak Analogy
Willed Ignorance
Wishful Thinking
Itulah 275 jenis – jenis fallacies yang kami rangkum dari berbagai sumber,harap dapat membantu kalian yang sedang mencari referensi mengenai fallacies.
Note :
Jenis – jenis fallacies didalam artikel ini akan bertambah atau berkurang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
Kedepannya kami akan membuat artikel mengenai penjabaran setiap jenis – jenis fallacies diatas satu persatu dengan lebih lengkap,maka dari itu diharapkan pengertian dari pembaca sekalian jika ada beberapa jenis fallacies yang belum dijabarkan karena artikel tersebut sedang/akan dalam proses pengerjaan.
Jika kalian memiliki informasi mengenai fallacies – fallacies yang baru guna melengkapi daftar fallacies diatas,mohon tulis dikolom komentar.
Terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya karena telah menyempatkan waktu anda untuk membaca,mohon maaf jika ada kesalahan kata dan mungkin kesalahan dalam pengetikan.
Salam Hangat
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